What is Decreased Bone Density?
Decreased bone density, also known as osteopenia, is a condition where bones become less dense. Healthy bones are strong and dense; with osteopenia, they are weaker and more prone to breaking. This happens gradually, often without noticeable symptoms.
Causes of Decreased Bone Density:
Several factors contribute to decreased bone density:
- Genetics: Some individuals are predisposed to weaker bones.
- Diet: Lack of calcium and vitamin D, crucial for bone health, weakens bones.
- Lifestyle: Insufficient exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercise, contributes to bone weakening. A sedentary lifestyle is detrimental.
- Hormonal Changes: Menopause in women, causing a significant estrogen drop, increases the risk of osteoporosis, a more severe form of decreased bone density.
- Medical Conditions: Certain diseases, medications, and eating disorders can affect bone density.
- Harmful Habits: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption negatively impact bone health.
Symptoms of Decreased Bone Density:
Osteopenia often has no noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Regular screenings are important. As the condition worsens (progressing to osteoporosis), symptoms may include:
- Back pain (often from a fractured vertebra)
- Loss of height (due to bone collapse)
- Stooped posture (related to bone weakening)
- Increased risk of fractures (even from minor falls)
Diagnosis of Decreased Bone Density:
The primary diagnostic tool is a bone mineral density (BMD) test, also known as a DEXA scan. This painless X-ray test measures bone density in the hip and spine.
Improving Bone Density:
Steps can be taken to improve bone health, even with a diagnosis of decreased bone density:
- Balanced Diet: Consume calcium-rich foods (dairy, leafy greens, fortified cereals) and ensure adequate vitamin D intake (sunlight or supplements).
- Regular Exercise: Incorporate weight-bearing and resistance exercises.
- Lifestyle Changes: Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Medical Consultation: Consult a doctor for risk assessment, testing, and treatment options (potentially including medication).
Decreased bone density is manageable with proper care and lifestyle changes. Talk to your doctor and prioritize your bone health.